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This paper describes for the first time the surface modification of glassy carbon (GC) electrodes with bamboo-based renewable carbon (RC) and antimony nanoparticles (SbNPs) for the determination of methylparaben (MePa) in personal care products (PCPs). The synthesized RC-SbNP material was successfully characterized by scanning electron microcopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The proposed sensor was applied in the detection of MePa using the optimized parameters by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The analytical range for detection of MePa was 0.2 to 9.0 µmol L−1, with limits of detection and quantification of 0.05 µmol L−1 and 0.16 µmol L−1, respectively. The determination of MePa in real PCP samples was performed using the proposed GC/RC-SbNP sensor by DPV and UV-vis spectrophotometry as comparative methodology. The use of RC-SbNP material for the development of electrochemical sensors brings a fresh approach to low-cost devices for MePa analysis.
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Vietnam in 2022 was beset with numerous dramatic political developments and diplomatic uncertainties but also recorded significant economic achievements. Changes in the top echelons of power took place in an unprecedented manner due to the intensifying anticorruption campaign, exposing the malleability of elite Vietnamese governing institutions and shrinking the space for civil society organizations. Meanwhile, Vietnam was recognized for its outstanding recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic with remarkable economic performance. The country's "bamboo diplomacy” was put under stress amid challenges caused by Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the US–China strategic rivalry. Navigating the turbulence and uncertainty of domestic and international affairs while maintaining the momentum of economic recovery will be the main challenge for Vietnam in 2023.
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Bamboo, the fastest-growing plant, has several unique characteristics that make it appropriate for diverse applications. It is low-cost, high-tensile, lightweight, flexible, durable, and capable of proliferating even in ineffectual areas (e.g., incline). This review discusses the unique properties of bamboo for making charcoal and biochar for diverse applications. To produce bamboo charcoal and biochar, this study reports on the pyrolysis process for the thermal degradation of organic materials in an oxygen-depleted atmosphere under a specific temperature. This is an alternative method for turning waste biomass into products with additional value, such as biochar. Due to various advantages, bamboo charcoal is preferred over regular charcoal as it has four times the absorption rate and ten times more surface area reported. According to the reports, the charcoal yield ranges from 24.60 to 74.27%. Bamboo chopsticks were the most useful source for producing charcoal, with a high yield of 74.27% at 300 °C in nitrogen, but the thorny bamboo species have a tremendous amount of minimal charcoal, i.e., 24.60%. The reported biochar from bamboo yield ranges from 32 to 80%. The most extensive biochar production is produced by the bamboo D. giganteus, which yields 80% biochar at 300 °C. Dry bamboo stalks at 400 °C produced 32% biochar. One of the sections highlights biochar as a sustainable solution for plastic trash management produced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Another section is dedicated to the knowledge enhancement about the broad application spectrum of the charcoal and biochar. The last section highlights the conclusions, future perspectives, and recommendations on the charcoal and biochar derived from bamboo.
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Inexpensive iron-based catalysts are the most promising catalysts for microwave pyrolysis of waste plastics, especially a large number of disposable medical masks (DMMs) with biological hazards produced by spread of COVID-19. However, most synthesized iron-based catalysts have very low microwave heating efficiency due to the enrichment state of iron. Here, we prepared FeAlOx catalysts using the microwave heating method and found that the microwave heating efficiency of amorphous iron and hematite is very low, indeed, these materials can hardly initiate pyrolysis at room temperature, which limits the application of iron-based catalysts in microwave pyrolysis. By contrast, a mixture of DMMs and low-valent iron oxides produced by hydrogen reduction at 500 °C can be heated by microwaves to temperatures above 900 °C under the same conditions. When the hydrogen reduction temperature was incerased to 800 °C, the content of metallic iron in the catalyst gradually increased from 0.34 to 21.43%, which enhanced the microwave response ability of the catalyst, and decreased the gas content in the pyrolysis product from 78.91 to 70.93 wt%;corresponding hydrogen yield also decreased from 29.03 to 25.02 mmolH2·g-1DMMs. Moreover, the morphology of the deposited solid carbon gradually changed from multi-walled CNTs to bamboo-like CNTs. This study clarifies the pyrolysis mechanism of microwave-assisted iron catalysts and lays a theoretical foundation for their application in microwave pyrolysis. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
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This paper proposes a respirator for children integrated with bamboo-based activated carbon filters and bipolar ionization as the sterilizer to increase protection from Covid-19 and other pathogens. The respirator, named as Bion-Kids, was designed based on the children's head-and-face anthropometry from direct measurement. The duration of sterilization process is controlled based on the activities, which are classified using the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) model with dataset acquired from the accelerometer. Manufacturing process of the main body prototype comprises heat bending and 3D printing. The bamboo-based activated carbon filter was synthesized by applying heat and pressure at the strewed activated carbon particles on the N95 filter. Observation using scanning electron microscope showed the ability of the bamboo-based activated carbon filter to adsorb and trap the particles. Result of the qualitative fit test and questionnaire survey indicated that Bion-Kids is suitable and comfortable for the children's face. The result of filtration and bipolar ionization sterilization system analysis have also met the ISO14698 standard by not showing any infiltration of microorganisms on the blood agar media. This device may become an early-stage personal protective equipment against the transmission of Covid-19 and other pathogens. © 2022 THE AUTHORS
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The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the household bamboo handicraft industry in rural areas. A comprehensive study was conducted to identify impacts, living strategies, and economic recovery;the findings will be used as a basis to recommend supporting policy to create a more resilient bamboo handicraft business. This study applied phenomenological approach to interpret the social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. In December 2021, 30 bamboo craftsmen in Semin Village, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta Special Province were interviewed. Results show that 96.7% of bamboo craftsmen experienced a decrease in profit, with 46.6% reporting no order for a long period. The profit earned by craftsmen decreased by 76.50%. Bamboo craftsmen adapted to the COVID-19 pandemic by minimizing capital expenses, creating innovations marketing in options (i.e., direct sales, selling online) and focusing on alternative income sources (farming, hunting and gathering, selling food, and becoming laborers) to survive. As the spread of the virus was controlled, leading to the relaxation of restrictions on economic activities, the bamboo industry in Semin has entered an economic recovery phase. Currently, the average profit has reached 66.18%, compared to the profit earned in normal pre-pandemic situation. We believe the government should facilitate craftsmen to build their capacity in e-commerce, export mechanism, market network creation, tool acquisition, and English proficiency. This would enhance the bamboo handicraft industry in Semin to be more resilient facing future challenges. © 2022, Hasanuddin University. All rights reserved.
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The use of natural fibers or particles as alternative raw materials for particleboard production is essential due to the shrinking forest area. Currently, dung waste from the Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) is being used as a raw material for particleboard due to its high fiber content. Although the product still has inferior mechanical and physical characteristics, it can be improved by layering bamboo. Therefore, this study aimed to enhance the mechanical and physical qualities of elephant dung particleboard by adding layers of bamboo. The particleboard constructed had three layers; namely, the face and back in the form of a bamboo layers, as well as the core, which was in the form of elephant dung. The elephant dung was evenly mixed with isocyanate adhesive using a spray gun, and the bamboo layers were coated with adhesive on one side of the surface. The sample was subjected to a hot press at a temperature of 150 °C and 30 kg/cm2 pressure for 10 min. Generally, JIS A 5908-2003 is the specification used to test the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. During the experiment, the characteristics examined include density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and internal bonding, which were enhanced by using layers of bamboo. The results showed that the physical properties of the particleboard with bamboo layers were a density of 0.62-0.69 g/cm3, a moisture content of 7.87-10.35%, water absorption of 38.27-68.58%, and a thickness swelling of 10.87-30.00%, which met the minimum standards of JIS A 5908-2003. The mechanical characteristics had values for the modulus of elasticity of 1952-7282 MPa, the modulus of rupture of 20.44-68.27 MPa, and the internal bonding of 0.16-0.38 MPa, which met the JIS A 5908-2003 standard. Based on these results, the particleboard with Belangke bamboo layers was the best in this study.
ABSTRACT
This paper proposes a respirator for children integrated with bamboo-based activated carbon filters and bipolar ionization as the sterilizer to increase protection from Covid-19 and other pathogens. The respirator, named as Bion-Kids, was designed based on the children's head-and-face anthropometry from direct measurement. The duration of sterilization process is controlled based on the activities, which are classified using the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) model with dataset acquired from the accelerometer. Manufacturing process of the main body prototype comprises heat bending and 3D printing. The bamboo-based activated carbon filter was synthesized by applying heat and pressure at the strewed activated carbon particles on the N95 filter. Observation using scanning electron microscope showed the ability of the bamboo-based activated carbon filter to adsorb and trap the particles. Result of the qualitative fit test and questionnaire survey indicated that Bion-Kids is suitable and comfortable for the children's face. The result of filtration and bipolar ionization sterilization system analysis have also met the ISO14698 standard by not showing any infiltration of microorganisms on the blood agar media. This device may become an early-stage personal protective equipment against the transmission of Covid-19 and other pathogens.
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Advancements in polymer science and engineering have helped the scientific community to shift its attention towards the use of environmentally benign materials for reducing the environmental impact of conventional synthetic plastics. Biopolymers are environmentally benign, chemically versatile, sustainable, biocompatible, biodegradable, inherently functional, and ecofriendly materials that exhibit tremendous potential for a wide range of applications including food, electronics, agriculture, textile, biomedical, and cosmetics. This review also inspires the researchers toward more consumption of biopolymer-based composite materials as an alternative to synthetic composite materials. Herein, an overview of the latest knowledge of different natural- and synthetic-based biodegradable polymers and their fiber-reinforced composites is presented. The review discusses different degradation mechanisms of biopolymer-based composites as well as their sustainability aspects. This review also elucidates current challenges, future opportunities, and emerging applications of biopolymeric sustainable composites in numerous engineering fields. Finally, this review proposes biopolymeric sustainable materials as a propitious solution to the contemporary environmental crisis. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd.
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The global ban on plastics and the COVID-2019 epidemic have accelerated the demand for eco-friendly disposable dishware. As an alternative to plastic, the characterization of low-cost, widely-sourced, and sustainable plant fibers for degradable, eco-friendly dishware is urgently needed. In this study, bamboo fiber dishware (BFD) and poly lactic acid (PLA) dishware were investigated by exploring how the properties of their microstructures affect their mechanical properties. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were used to characterize the thermal decomposition behavior and dynamic viscoelasticity of both dishware types. Their modulus reductions were predicted using the accelerating creep mode, according to the time-temperature equivalence principle. The results showed that (1) the eco-friendly BFD was light weight and strong. Its specific strength, specific modulus were 4.50 and 3.09 times higher than those of PLA dishware, respectively. The efficient three-dimensional structure formed by the bamboo fibers and held together by hydrogen bonding played an important role in maintaining the excellent physical and mechanical properties. (2) The BFD and PLA dishware exhibited glass transition temperatures of 63.2 °C and 54.7 °C, respectively, according to the loss modulus curves, and their activation energies were 70.76 kJ/mol and 132.53 kJ/mol, respectively. Compared to the PLA dishware, the thermal decomposition behavior and storage modulus of the BFD were showed a lower sensitivity to temperature. (3) The time-temperature principle could be applied to the long-term creep prediction of BFD and PLA dishware. It showed that BFD exhibited a greater creep resistance in protecting food.
ABSTRACT
The use of personal protective equipment during the Covid-19 pandemic may inhibit the social interaction and learning process of children. A child respirator that is suitable for children's growth and development has been developed. Its designing process was done by computer-aided design and validated by computational fluid dynamics simulation. The device consists of inhale and exhale system, face cover, and headband. Various air filter is embedded in the inhale system, such as prefilter, HEPA filter, and bamboo-based activated carbon filter. Meanwhile, the exhale system contains HEPA filter only. Preliminary air-flow simulation in various breathing scenarios has been conducted with a result of velocity range from 0.067 m/s up to 1.190 m/s inside the respirator with a 0.47 Pa pressure difference. Flow trajectories analysis shows that the exhaled air is successfully directed to the exhale and inhale system and thus filtration can occur rapidly. These analyses also indicate that the device's average airflow velocity meets the standard requirements for child breathing apparatus. Child respirators using the bamboo-based activated carbon filter can be a great solution in implementing health protocols for children during the Covid-19 pandemic © 2022,Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences.All Rights Reserved
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In 2013, Internet money fund products led by Yu'e Bao were born. They are dependent on the Internet and attract a large number of customers with their unique marketing platform, convenient trading methods and high liquidity. At present, Alipay, NetEase, SUNING, Tencent, Baidu, JD.com and other companies have joined the ranks. Many Internet money funds are springing up in the market like bamboo shoots after a spring rain. However, against the backdrop of a marked decline in the global economy affected by the COVID-19 epidemic, the reference rate of return of various Internet money funds has plummeted, with Tianhong Yu'ebao's 7-day annualized yield falling below 2% to 1.855% for the first time since its establishment. In this paper, 20 sample funds are tested by VaR model, and the corresponding evaluation is given. The analysis results show that the overall value at risk of Internet money funds is not high, so it is suitable to avoid risk, but the rate of return and VaR do not fully reflect the market law of "high risk, high return;low risk, low return", indicating that there is still a lot of room for improvement in risk control of Internet money funds in China. The development of Internet money fund has a profound impact on the traditional fund industry and even the whole financial industry. based on this, it is particularly important to analyze the development status, operation mechanism and risk of Internet money fund. Empirical analysis through data statistical test and ARCH effect test can analyze the risk more effectively and help investors understand Internet money fund products so that they can invest better. First of all, compared with the Internet money fund, the risk of bank wealth management products is relatively higher. Second, the risk spillover of Internet money funds and bank wealth management products is asymmetric, and the risk spillover of Internet money funds to bank wealth management products is stronger. Third, Internet money funds of banking and fund departments have positive risk spillover effects on bank wealth management products, which means that Internet money funds of banking and fund departments can aggravate the risk impact on China's commercial banks. ©2021 IEEE.
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This research paper aims to characterize and evaluate the morphological as well as the physical proper-ties of Ethiopian Y. Alpina bamboo based on the effect of age and height. The bamboo has been harvested in the Amhara region in the Injibara town in January 2020. Nine bamboo samples have collected at the age of 1, 2, and 3 years old. Bamboo Culm has been divided into three positions along with Culm height like bottom, middle, and top. Analysis of the significance of age and height on physical properties has been done using Stata.12 software with linear regression and ANCOVA. Both morphology and physical properties have been used to improve understanding of bamboo's performance used as a structural appli-cation, bamboo composite processing, fiber extraction process, bamboo laminated processing, and furni-ture making materials. Age of 1-year-old bamboo has high Culm diameter, wall thickness, Internode length compared to the age of 2 and 3 years old bamboo. When bamboo generates new shoots under the rhizome, new shoots generate and grow high morphological properties of bamboo compared to the previous old bamboo. Percentage of moisture content, shrinkage in wall thickness, and shrinkage in Culm diameter decrease when the age of bamboo increases. Furthermore, these properties have been decreased along with Culm height from bottom to the top position. Oven-dry density increase with the age of bamboo increase, whereas its property has been decreased along with Culm height from bottom to the top position. Cellulose content increase when the ages of Culm older, however, extractive and ash content decrease when the ages of Culm older. From the greatest to lowest of hemicelluloses, and lignin contents are at the ages of 2, 3, and 1 year-old respectively. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 5th International Con-ference on Recent Advances in Material Chemistry.
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In Indian tradition, bamboo shoot plays an important role in the traditional food of North East State of India. In India, it is used in the traditional food name as ushoi, soibum, rep, mesu, eup, hirring, etc. In the market, this crop fibre is applied in the bakery and meat products. It has lots of health benefits to the human because it is nutritionally important that contain huge amount of protein, carbohydrate, vitamin, fibre, minerals and very trace amount of fat. Mostly its shoot may be consumed as a food either in fresh form or canned form. The main aimed to study the bamboo shoot could be helpful in mitigating the problem of malnutrition and food security and boost immune system are the major challenges for humanity which facing during Covid-19 pandemic situation. The role of bamboo is increasing day-to-day. Due to the present of phytosterols and rich amount of fibre, it becomes nutraceuticals and apply as natural medicine in several diseases. In recent time, the people are aware to improve their immunity to fight against such type of diseasesto improve the digestion and appetite and recover weight or loss, to cure cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer. The part of this crop mainly shoot has important role in the anticancer, antibacterial and also antiviral diseases. The bamboo smell is very strong due to the presence of phenolic compounds. In Tripura, new event are discovered such as bamboo shoot fortified cookies as a healthy snack. So that its unique characteristics, bamboo is known as miracle plant and green gold. It play an important role in the secondary metabolize formation, so that its taste is slightly acidic. Various bamboo shoot processing methods, effect of cooking, technological methods for removal of toxic constituent in shoots have also been discussed. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Asian Journal of Dairy & Food Research is the property of Agricultural Research Communication Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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Forests have ecological and sociological functions, including tourism development as well as disaster mitigation efforts. In the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic that hit Bali tourism, it is necessary to develop new types of tourism such as this forest bathing. This research intends to study the potential and opportunities of bamboo forests in the Batur Geopark area to be used as new types of tourism, which at the same time can also be used as a disaster mitigation. A case study method with qualitative data collection includes observation, in-depth interviews, and literature study. A mapping plan for the bamboo forest area is also carried out to support the facilities and infrastructure for forest bathing activities. Bamboo has been used for the restoration of areas affected by the fire at Geopark Batur. However, no one has specifically offered the concept of Forest Bathing. Introducing forest bathing as a new attraction to revive Bali tourism and at the same time to preserve the environment is possible and necessary. Furthermore, there is important to develop destination branding and marketing for the forest bathing attraction.
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(The 3rd ICATES 2021) “Innovative Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering for Sustainable Food, Water, Energy, and Environment” Banda Aceh, 21 September 2021 Extended Preface The ICATES is annual conference organized primary by the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala. This year, in the 3rd consecutive year 2021, ICATES conducted the 3rd conference with co-hosted by University Malaysia, Pahang (UMP), Agricultural Mechanization Research Center (PUSMEPTAN) Syiah Kuala University, South Aceh Poly-technique (Poltas Aceh Selatan) and LPPM Winaya Mukti. Surely, we plan to conduct this conference physically just like previous ICATES in August 2019. However, due to the unforseen circumstances of global pandemic COVID-19, the 3rd ICATES 2021 conference was carried out virtually as same as ICATES 2020 by zoom meeting platform. We took this option because this conference was already designated and funded. Keynote and invited speakers were also scheduled for this event. Many delegations and authors requested for this conference to be performed, even virtually, since they need it to cover their publication and sharing knowledge requirements. The conference itself was run as planned on 21st September 2021 with the support from virtual event organizer started from 8.00 am to 19.00 pm. The ICATES committee members were managed this event in a particular room as a studio along with two appointed MCs. The conference was officially opened by the Rector of Syiah Kuala University, Prof. Samsul Rizal and it is broadcast lively via YouTube platform with recorded participants reach 447 were joined. The main event was started by video presentation from the Keynote speaker Prof. Okke Batelaan from Flinders University, Australia, followed by invited speaker from UMP Malaysia Assoc. Prof. Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya. The discussion session was performed directly once the second speaker was completed his presentation. Then, the second session of keynote speaker was started after 20 minutes break with the speaker from University Technology Mara (UiTM) Dr.rer.nat Shahril Anuar Bahari, followed by the last invited speaker Dr. Joko Pitoyo from Indonesian Center for Agricultural Engineering Research and Development (ICAERD). Moreover, parallel sessions were started after all keynote speaker session and participants were divided into 8 breakout rooms in zoom platform based on their related sub-topics. The operator acted as virtual Host and Co-host to manage and ensure all presenters and participants were put in the right place. Each participant and presenter was identified by renaming their name to room number and author full name. Presenter was given about 10 minutes for power point presentation via Screen Sharing and 5 minutes for discussion and shifted to next presenter. During the conference, video capabilities were turned on to ensure dynamic conference. As the conference chair, I firmly believe that the success of a virtual conference like this event can be achieved by arranging a stimulating program. We sincerely hope that next forthcoming ICATES conference will be conducted lively in touch as previously ICATES event in 2019. Thus, everyone finds the conference is stimulating and enjoying. Cordially yours Conference Chair Dr. Safrizal, ST., M. Si List of International Scientific Committees, Steering Committees, Organizing Committees, Keynote Speaker , Waste Plastic: Recycle And Reuse For Sustainable Road Construction, Bamboo, A Great Plant for Green Plan, Review of Rice Transplanter and Direct Seeder to be Applied in Indonesia Paddy Field are available in this pdf.
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OBJECTIVES: Exposure to nature or to green space has positive mental health benefits. Closing of parks and green spaces during the COVID-19 pandemic has reduced options for mental health and well-being benefits and could have a greater impact on vulnerable populations, especially the elderly. The present study, therefore, explores the physiopsychological impacts of indirect contact with nature, using forest imagery, on the brain activity and autonomic nervous systems of elderly people. STUDY DESIGN: A within-subject design experiment was used. METHODS: Thirty-four participants aged 82.9 ± 0.78 years were asked to look at bamboo and urban images for 2 min. During the visual stimulation, α relative waves were measured using electroencephalography as an indicator of brain activity. Heart rate variability and skin conductance (SC) responses were utilized as indicators of arousal. Afterward, psychological responses were evaluated using the semantic differential and the Profile of Mood States questionnaires. RESULTS: Visual stimulation with bamboo image induced a significant increase in α relative waves and parasympathetic nervous activity and a significant decrease in SC. In addition, a significant increase in perceptions of "comfortable," "relaxed," "cheerful," and "vigorous" feelings was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Indirect contact with nature enhances the physiological and psychological conditions of the elderly. Findings can be used to guide the new design, renewal, and modification of the living environments of the elderly and those who are unable to get outside.